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In this section, we provide the necessary background information on the Curdleproofs protocol~\cite{Curdleproofs}, the Whisk protocol~\cite{Whisk2024} and an overview of the notation used in the paper.
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The notation used throughout this paper can be seen in~\autoref{tab:notation}.
Given a finite, multiplicative cyclic group $\mathbb{G}$ of prime order $p$, the decisional Diffie-Hellman problem is defined as follows: Given $(g^a,g^b,g^c)\in\mathbb{G}$, where $g$ is a generator of $\mathbb{G}$ and $a,b,c\in\mathbb{Z}_p$, decide whether $c=ab$.
Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain platform that enables developers to build and deploy smart contracts and decentralized applications.
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It is the second-largest blockchain platform by market capitalization and has a large and active developer community.
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\paragraph*{\textbf{Ethereum Proof of Stake}}\label{par:background-ethereum}
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Ethereum uses a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism, which allows users to validate transactions and create new blocks by staking their Ether (ETH) tokens.
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The Proof-of stake protocol works in epochs of 32 slots, where each slot is 12 seconds long.
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In each slot a proposer is chosen to propose a block thereby allowing the network to reach consensus on the state of the blockchain.
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