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README.md

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@@ -4,61 +4,61 @@ Measures the frequency of mains power.
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## Overview
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This device was built as an exercise in digital electronics.
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It uses a reciprocal frequency counter approach to measure the frequency of the mains voltage supplying it.
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Using two SN74LV8154N 32bit counters, it counts pulses of the mains signal and the reference clock.
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The start and end of measurement are syncronized to the input signal using a D-FlipFlop to open the main gate.
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Using two SN74LV8154N 32-bit counters, it counts pulses of the mains signal and the reference clock.
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The start and end of the measurement are synchronized to the input signal, using a D-Flip-Flop to open the main gate.
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This eliminates the influence of gate time accuracy on the measurement.
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The measurement result is then calculated as follows:
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$f_{measured} = \frac{n_{SignalCounter}}{n_{RefCounter}} \times f_{Ref}$
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The measured value is send out over serial (J2).
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Find a graph explaining the signal flow [here](Charts/Signalflow.pdf).
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The measured value is sent out over serial (J2).
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Find a graph explaining the signal flow [here](Charts/Signalflow.pdf).
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## Board overview
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![Topside of circuit board](Images/board_overview.png)
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![Topside of the circuit board](Images/board_overview.png)
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## Connectors/Headers
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- GND: Ground connection for scope ground clips.
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- GND: Ground connection for scope ground clips.
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- TP4: DC voltage rails.
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- J2: Serial interface. Connected to D0/D1 of Arduino. (5V max.)
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- J2: Serial interface. Connected to D0 and D1 of the Arduino. (5V max.)
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- J5: Debug pins. (SBUS0, SBUS1, SBUS2, SBUSE, CounterClear, GateTime, CounterRegClock, Reset)
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- J6: CBUS. Used to read out the counter values.
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- CN1: Mains input. Fuse with 5x20mm 32mA glass fuse in F1.
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- CN2: External reference input. BNC. 0-5V square wave only. HiZ input.
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- CN1: Mains input. Fuse with a 5x20mm 32mA glass fuse in F1.
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- CN2: External reference input. BNC. 05V square wave only. HiZ input.
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## Jumpers
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- JMP1 (J3): Selects if measured signal is inverted. This should not affect the measurement. Recommended setting is INV.
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- JMP2 (J4): Selects external or internal reference clock. Check TP11 for selected signal.
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- JMP1 (J3): Selects if the measured signal is inverted. This should not affect the measured value. The recommended setting is INV.
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- JMP2 (J4): Selects an external or internal reference clock. Check TP11 for the selected signal.
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## Test points
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- TP1: Offset voltage to compensate for the clipping diode drop. (~ 500mV DC)
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- TP2: Divided and clipped transformer output voltage. (~ 4V<sub>p</sub> half wave rectified sine)
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- TP2: Divided and clipped transformer output voltage. (~ 4V<sub>p</sub> half-wave rectified sine)
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- TP3: Unregulated rectified and smoothed transformer voltage. (> 17V DC)
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- TP4: DC Supply rails. (+5V and +3.3V DC)
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- TP5: Reference oscillator signal. (1MHz or 10MHz 0-5V square wave)
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- TP6: Gate-Enable signal from FlipFlop. High if main gate is open and measurement running.
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- TP4: DC supply rails. (+5V and +3.3V DC)
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- TP5: Reference oscillator signal. (1 MHz or 10 MHz 0–5V square wave)
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- TP6: Gate-Enable signal from Flip-Flop. High if the main gate is open and the measurement is running.
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- TP7: Input to the signal counter.
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- TP8: Input to the reference counter.
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- TP9: Transformer output voltage to measurement circuit. (> 12V AC)
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- TP10: External reference clock input.
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- TP11: Reference input to the main gate. Should show the same signal as TP10 or TP5 depending on JMP2 (Clock select).
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- TP12: Signal input to the main gate. (0-5V square wave with same frequency as mains)
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- TP11: Reference input to the main gate. Should show the same signal as TP10 or TP5 depending on JMP2 (clock select).
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- TP12: Signal input to the main gate. (0-5V square wave with the same frequency as the mains)
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## Trimmers
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- RP1: Use this pot to adjust the voltage of the 5V rail.
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## Firmware
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Find the firmware for this project in this [repository](https://github.com/ndornseif/MSM501-Firmware).
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You can just upload it using the official Arduino IDE onto the Arduino nano (U7).
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You can just upload it using the official Arduino IDE onto the Arduino Nano (U7).
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Remove the Arduino from the board when uploading firmware.
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Measurement results are in uHz and send out over serial.
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They are send as ASCII and LF, CR seperated.
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Default parameters: 115200 baud, 8 data, 1 stop, no parity
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Measurement results are in uHz and sent out over serial.
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They are sent as ASCII and separated by LF and CR.
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Default parameters: 115200 baud, 8 data, 1 stop, no parity
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## Example data
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![Mains Frequency in Germany](Images/freq_23-06-03.png)
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## Considerations
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Trying to power the Arduino through its USB header while the device is connected to mains is not recommended.
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Use J2 (Serial) for communication while mains is applied.
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Trying to power the Arduino through its USB header while the device is connected to the mains is not recommended.
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Use J2 (serial) for communication while mains is applied.
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## Other
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Published under CERN-OHL-S license.

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