Introduce UX guidelines documentation

See #309

Author: stephenmcgruer

images/ux-guidelines-google-chrome-android-square-logos.png

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+# Secure Payment Confirmation: Non-normative UX Guidelines
+
+Status: This is a **draft** document without consensus.
+
+A key step of the user journey for Secure Payment Confirmation (SPC) is the
+display of and user interaction with the [transaction confirmation UX]. This
+step communicates information from the caller of SPC (e.g., a merchant website,
+perhaps on behalf of a payment service provider or issuing bank) to the user,
+for the user to verify and ultimately sign via WebAuthn.
+
+While web specifications do not generally make recommendations about how User
+Agents implement UX, it can be useful for both integrators of SPC (e.g.,
+financial organizations) and implementors of SPC (i.e., User Agents) to have
+some general guidelines about the information that can be provided and will be
+shown. This file aims to document those guidelines, based on implementor
+experience and payment industry feedback.
+
+## Information presented in the transaction confirmation UX
+
+### Payee information
+
+Relevant fields: [payeeName], [payeeOrigin]
+
+The payee information fields are intended to communicate to the user who will
+be the recipient of the funds. In most cases this would be the merchant (or
+other entity) that the user has already been interacting with in the current
+session. The `payeeName` field, if present, communicates a natural language
+name, such as "Big Shoe Store Inc.", whilst the `payeeOrigin`, if present,
+communicates the web URL at which the payee can be found, such as
+"https://bigshoestore.example".
+
+The specification allows for either one or both of the fields to be present.
+Implementors may display them separately, or may combine them into a single
+visual block such as `payeeName (payeeOrigin)`, for example "Big Shoe Store
+Inc. (https://bigshoestore.example)".
+
+Note: An implementor may truncate these fields in order to fit the text into
+the available UX space. See issue #269 for discussions on setting normative
+length limits on fields including payeeName and payeeOrigin.
+
+### Payment instrument information
+
+Relevant fields: [instrument.displayName], [instrument.icon], [instrument.details]
+
+The payment instrument information fields are intended to communicate to the
+user which payment instrument will be charged. Common payment instruments
+include payment cards (credit, debit, or other), bank accounts, and a number of
+country-specific payment methods (e.g., UPI, PIX, GiroPay, etc). SPC has no
+requirement or limitation on the type of payment instrument being used or
+displayed.
+
+The `displayName` and `details` fields are used to convey textual information
+about the payment instrument. As the names suggest, `displayName` should be set
+to the primary name for the payment instrument, while `details` can be used to
+add additional clarifying details to help the user differentiate or make
+decisions.  For example, for a credit card payment instrument, `displayName`
+may be set to the product name for the card (e.g., "FancyBank Infinity Card"),
+whilst details might include the last four digits of the card and/or expiry
+date (e.g., "1234 01/32).
+
+Note: An implementor may truncate the `displayName` and `details` fields in
+order to fit the text into the available UX space. See issue #269 for
+discussions on setting normative length limits on fields including payeeName
+and payeeOrigin.
+
+The `icon` field is set to the URL of an image representing the payment
+instrument. Implementors are expected to support common image formats such as
+PNG or JPG. The payment instrument icon image is intended to be a quick visual
+confirmation for the user, and is expected to be displayed fairly small.
+
+Implementation specifics:
+
+- Google Chrome's (and other Chromium-based browsers) implementation on both
+  desktop and mobile platforms currently linearly scales the image (preserving
+  the input aspect ratio) to fit in a 32dp x 20dp region, e.g. the display
+  region has an aspect ratio of 1.6:1.
+    - Given current average screen densities, we would recommend that
+      integrators pass in a logo with physical pixel size at least 3x of that,
+      e.g. minimal 96px by 60px.
+    - The Chrome team have stated that they are interested in hearing from
+      partners if a 32dp x 20dp region is too small, as it may not allow for
+      detailed icons (such as full card art for credit cards).
+
+### Payment entity logos
+
+Relevant fields: [paymentEntitiesLogos], [paymentEntitiesLogos\[x\].url], [paymentEntitiesLogos\[x\].label]a
+
+The payment entity logos are intended to communicate to the user the identity
+of payment companies or organizations that are involved in the current
+transaction, who might otherwise not be clear to the user. Examples include the
+issuing bank and/or a card network in the case of credit/debit card payments,
+the user's bank and a payment initiation services provider (PISP) in Open
+Banking, etc.
+
+The payment entity logos are expected to be displayed prominently within the
+SPC transaction confirmation UX, but should not significantly overweight the
+other information shown. Implementors are able to support any number of logos
+passed within `paymentEntityLogos`, and may ignore 'extra' logos beyond what
+they support displaying, but it is recommended that they support up to two
+logos being shown.
+
+Each payment entity logo has two fields.
+
+The `label` field is used to convey a textual description of the payment entity
+to the user. This field may be displayed by the implementor, or it may be used
+only for accessibility purposes (e.g., for a screen reader to describe the
+logo). It is recommended that this text be short but descriptive to the user,
+e.g. "FancyBank logo".
+
+The `url` field is set to the URL of a payment entity logo image. Implementors
+are expected to support common image formats such as PNG or JPG. Logos should
+generally be "wordmark" or combination logos, which often display more clearly
+to users than 'simple' square logos. Logos should also have transparent
+backgrounds, to allow them to be layered seamlessly onto implementor UX.
+
+Implementation specifics:
+
+- Google Chrome's (and other Chromium-based browsers) implementation currently
+  supports 0-2 payment entity logos, inclusive. If more than two logos are
+  provided, Chrome currently discards the third logo onwards. Logos are placed
+  at the top of the SPC dialog.
+    - For `label`; Chrome currently does not display this value, but does use
+      it as the accessibility text for the logo.
+    - For `url` (i.e., the logo itself), Chrome's implementation currently
+      linearly scales the image (preserving the input aspect ratio) to fit in a
+      104dp x 24dp region on mobile and a planned 188dp x 43dp on desktop, e.g.
+      the display region has an aspect ratio of 4.333:1.
+        - We recommend treating this as the upper-bound for aspect-ratio;
+          images that have to be scaled to fit the height look better than
+          images that have to be scaled to fit the width.
+        - Given current average screen densities, we recommend that integrators
+          pass in a logo with at least pixel size 3x of the device-pixel sizes
+          mentioned above. For example, an image with ideal aspect ratio of
+          4.333:1 should be at least 563px x 130px. If the image instead was
+          narrower with an aspect ratio of 2.7:1, it should be at least
+          350px x 130px.
+
+### Transaction amount
+
+Relevant fields: [details.total.amount.currency], [details.total.amount.value]
+
+The transaction amount fields are intended to communicate to the user the value
+of the purchase that they are verifying. This should be the full value,
+inclusive of any shipping, taxes, etc. - such that it should match the value
+that the user later observes charged against their payment instrument.
+
+Note: The transaction amount is communicated via the top-level [Payment
+Request](https://w3c.github.io/payment-request) API call, instead of as part of
+the SPC method itself.
+
+## UX differences across different screen sizes/layouts
+
+## Appendix: Example transaction confirmation UX screens
+
+This appendix contains some example transaction confirmation UX screens from
+implementors. Where possible, fake entity logos are used, but any other images
+or trademarks are used without permission and without intending to imply any
+support and/or usage of SPC by those entities.
+
+**Google Chrome on Android, with "wordmark"/combination payment entity logos**:
+
+![Screenshot of the transaction confirmation UX for SPC in Google Chrome for Android. The transaction UX shows two wordmark logos for "Moon Bank" and "Chillipay", followed by the text "Verify its you". Below, the transaction details show that the payee is "The Design Store" at designstore.com, the payment instrument is a "Chase Freedom Flex Card" with last-four digits 1234, and the amount is $120 USD.](/images/ux-guidelines-google-chrome-android.png)
+
+**Google Chrome on Android, with square payment entity logos**:
+
+![Screenshot of the transaction confirmation UX for SPC in Google Chrome for Android. The image is identical to the one proceeding it, but has square logos for "Moon Bank" and "Chillipay" which are much harder to read.](/images/ux-guidelines-google-chrome-android-square-logos.png)
+
+[details.total.amount.currency]: https://w3c.github.io/payment-request/#dom-paymentcurrencyamount-currency
+[details.total.amount.value]: https://w3c.github.io/payment-request/#dom-paymentcurrencyamount-value
+[instrument.details]: https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#dom-paymentcredentialinstrument-details
+[instrument.displayName]:https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#dom-paymentcredentialinstrument-displayname
+[instrument.icon]: https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#dom-paymentcredentialinstrument-icon
+[payeeName]: https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#dom-securepaymentconfirmationrequest-payeename
+[payeeOrigin]: https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#dom-securepaymentconfirmationrequest-payeeorigin
+[paymentEntitiesLogos]: https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#dom-securepaymentconfirmationrequest-paymententitieslogos
+[paymentEntitiesLogos\[x\].label]: https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#dom-paymententitylogo-label
+[paymentEntitiesLogos\[x\].url]: https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#dom-paymententitylogo-url
+[transaction confirmation UX]: https://w3c.github.io/secure-payment-confirmation/#sctn-transaction-confirmation-ux