From 88edfb1d36b9f8b69104995e8be9c158b7d1d02d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: san-ya <83218056+san-ya@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 1 Jun 2024 02:14:04 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] implementation of Snakes & Ladders LLD

---
 snakesAndLadders.cpp | 285 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 285 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 snakesAndLadders.cpp

diff --git a/snakesAndLadders.cpp b/snakesAndLadders.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f6cb34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snakesAndLadders.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+class OutOfRangeError {};
+
+class InvalidLadderError {};
+
+class InvalidSnakeError {};
+
+class GameComponent {
+public:
+    virtual void setTerminals(int, int) = 0;
+
+protected:
+    int head;
+    int tail;
+    unordered_map<int, int> terminals;
+};
+
+class Snake : public GameComponent {
+public:
+    void setTerminals(int head, int tail) override {
+        this->head = head;
+        this->tail = tail;
+    }
+
+    friend class Snakes;
+};
+
+class Ladder : public GameComponent {
+public:
+    void setTerminals(int start, int end) override {
+        this->head = start;
+        this->tail = end;
+    }
+
+    friend class Ladders;
+};
+
+class Player {
+public:
+    Player() {
+        currPos = 0;
+    }
+
+    void setName(string name) {
+        this->name = name;
+    }
+
+    void moveBy(int moves) {
+        if(currPos + moves > MAX_POS) {
+            return;
+        }
+        currPos += moves;
+    }
+
+    void moveTo(int finalPos) {
+        currPos = finalPos;
+    }
+
+    int getCurrPos() {
+        return currPos;
+    }
+
+    string getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+private:
+    string name;
+    int currPos;
+    static constexpr int MAX_POS = 100;
+};
+
+class Game;
+
+class ComponentsGroup {
+public:
+    virtual void setup(int) = 0;
+};
+
+class Snakes : public ComponentsGroup {
+public:
+    void setup(int noOfSnakes) override {
+        int head, tail;
+        for(int i = 0; i < noOfSnakes; ++i) {
+            Snake* snake = new Snake();
+            try {
+                cin >> head >> tail;
+                if(head > 100 || head < 0 || tail > 100 || tail < 0) {
+                    throw OutOfRangeError();
+                } else if(tail > head) {
+                    throw InvalidSnakeError();
+                }
+                listOfSnakes[head] = tail;
+                snake->setTerminals(head, tail);
+            }
+            catch(OutOfRangeError &E) {
+                cout << "Out of range error. Try again." << endl;
+                --i;
+            }
+            catch(InvalidSnakeError &E) {
+                cout << "Tail must be less than Head. Try again." << endl;
+                --i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    friend class Game;
+
+private:
+    unordered_map<int,int> listOfSnakes;
+};
+
+class Ladders : public ComponentsGroup {
+public:
+    void setup(int noOfLadders) override {
+        int start, end;
+        for(int i = 0; i < noOfLadders; ++i) {
+            Ladder *ladder = new Ladder;
+            try {
+                cin >> start >> end;
+                if(start < 0 || end > 100 || start > 100 || end < 0) {
+                    throw OutOfRangeError();
+                } else if(start > end) {
+                    throw InvalidLadderError();
+                }
+                listOfLadders[start] = end;
+                ladder->setTerminals(start, end);
+            }
+            catch(OutOfRangeError &E) {
+                cout << "Out of range error. Try again." << endl;
+                --i;
+            }
+            catch(InvalidLadderError &E) {
+                cout << "Start must be greater than End. Try again." << endl;
+                --i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    friend class Game;
+
+private:
+    unordered_map<int, int> listOfLadders;
+};
+
+class Players {
+public:
+    void setup(int noOfPlayers) {
+        for(int i = 0; i < noOfPlayers; ++i) {
+            Player *player = new Player();
+            string name; cin >> name;
+            player->setName(name);
+            listOfPlayers.push_back(player);
+        }
+    }
+
+    vector<Player*> getListOfPlayers() {
+        return listOfPlayers;
+    }
+
+    friend class Game;
+
+private:
+    vector<Player*> listOfPlayers;
+};
+
+class Dice {
+public:
+    static void rollDice() {
+        face = 1 + (rand() % MAX_FACE_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    static int getFace() {
+        return face;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static constexpr int MAX_FACE_VALUE = 6;
+    static int face;
+};
+
+int Dice::face = 1;
+
+class Game {
+public:
+    Game() {
+        turn = 0;
+    }
+
+    Game* setup();
+    
+    void play();
+
+    void updateTurn() {
+        turn = (turn + 1) % noOfPlayers;
+    }
+
+    bool isBittenBySnake(Player *&player) const {
+        return snakes->listOfSnakes.find(player->getCurrPos()) != snakes->listOfSnakes.end();
+    }
+
+    bool hasFoundALadder(Player *&player) const {
+        return ladders->listOfLadders.find(player->getCurrPos()) != ladders->listOfLadders.end();
+    }
+
+    int getTurn() {
+        return turn;
+    }
+
+    int getFinalPos(unordered_map<int, int> posMatrix) {
+        return posMatrix[(players->listOfPlayers)[getTurn()]->getCurrPos()];
+    }
+
+private:
+    Snakes *snakes;
+    Ladders *ladders;
+    Players* players;
+    int turn;
+    int noOfSnakes;
+    int noOfLadders;
+    int noOfPlayers;
+};
+
+Game* Game::setup() {
+    cout << "Enter number of snakes: ";
+    cin >> noOfSnakes;
+    snakes = new Snakes();
+    snakes->setup(noOfSnakes);
+
+    cout << "Enter number of ladders: ";
+    cin >> noOfLadders;
+    ladders = new Ladders();
+    ladders->setup(noOfLadders);
+
+    cout << "Enter number of players: ";
+    cin >> noOfPlayers;
+    players = new Players();
+    players->setup(noOfPlayers);
+
+    return this;
+}
+
+void Game::play() {
+    Player *currPlayer;
+    while(true) {
+        currPlayer = players->listOfPlayers[getTurn()];
+        int initPos = currPlayer->getCurrPos();
+
+        Dice::rollDice();
+        currPlayer->moveBy(Dice::getFace());
+
+        while(isBittenBySnake(currPlayer) || hasFoundALadder(currPlayer)) {
+            if(isBittenBySnake(currPlayer)) {
+                currPlayer->moveTo(getFinalPos(snakes->listOfSnakes));
+            } else {
+                currPlayer->moveTo(getFinalPos(ladders->listOfLadders));
+            }
+        }
+
+        cout << currPlayer->getName() << " rolled a " << Dice::getFace() << " and moved from " << initPos << " to " << currPlayer->getCurrPos() << endl;
+
+        if(currPlayer->getCurrPos() == 100) {
+            cout << currPlayer->getName() << " wins the game." << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        updateTurn();
+    }
+    delete currPlayer;
+    currPlayer = nullptr;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    Game *newGame = new Game();
+    newGame->setup();
+    newGame->play();    
+    return 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file