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A Wireless Gesture-Controlled Mouse System using Arduino Nano, ADXL335 accelerometer, and HC-05 Bluetooth module for intuitive computer interaction through hand movements. Control your computer cursor and perform clicks through natural gestures in the air.
- Gesture-Based Control - Move mouse cursor by tilting the device in air
- Wireless Communication - Bluetooth HC-05 module for cable-free operation
- 3-Axis Accelerometer - ADXL335 for precise motion detection
- Left & Right Click - Physical buttons for mouse click functionality
- Python Integration - Computer-side driver script for seamless control
- Real-Time Response - Instant cursor movement with gesture input
- Trigger Activation - On-demand activation with trigger button
- LED Status Indicator - Visual feedback for system status
- Cross-Platform Support - Works with Windows, macOS, and Linux
- Arduino Nano (1x) - Main microcontroller (any model compatible)
- ADXL335 Accelerometer Module (1x) - 3-axis analog accelerometer
- HC-05 Bluetooth Module (1x) - Wireless communication
- Push Buttons (3x) - Trigger, left click, right click
- LED (1x) - Status indicator
- 220Ω Resistor (1x) - LED current limiting
- Breadboard - For circuit assembly
- Jumper Wires - Male-to-male and male-to-female connections
- USB Cable - For Arduino programming and power
- 9V Battery (optional) - For portable operation
- 3.7V Li-ion Battery (optional) - Rechargeable power source
- Case/Enclosure - 3D printed or custom housing
- Pull-up Resistors (10kΩ) - For button debouncing
- Voltage Regulator - For stable power supply
- On/Off Switch - Power control
ADXL335 Accelerometer Connections:
┌─────────────────┬──────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ ADXL335 Pin │ Arduino Nano Pin │ Function │
├─────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ VCC │ 3.3V │ Power Supply │
│ GND │ GND │ Ground │
│ X-out │ A0 │ X-axis Analog Output│
│ Y-out │ A1 │ Y-axis Analog Output│
│ Z-out │ Not Connected │ Z-axis (unused) │
│ ST │ Not Connected │ Self Test (unused) │
└─────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
HC-05 Bluetooth Module Connections:
┌─────────────────┬──────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ HC-05 Pin │ Arduino Nano Pin │ Function │
├─────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ VCC │ 5V │ Power Supply │
│ GND │ GND │ Ground │
│ TX │ D2 (RX) │ Data Transmission │
│ RX │ D3 (TX) │ Data Reception │
│ EN │ Not Connected │ Enable (optional) │
│ STATE │ Not Connected │ Status (optional) │
└─────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
Control Buttons and LED:
┌─────────────────┬──────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ Component │ Arduino Nano Pin │ Function │
├─────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ Trigger Button │ D5 (INPUT_PULLUP)│ Activate Air Mouse │
│ Left Click │ D6 (INPUT) │ Left Mouse Click │
│ Right Click │ D7 (INPUT) │ Right Mouse Click │
│ Status LED │ D8 (OUTPUT) │ System Status │
└─────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
Data Packet Structure (8 bytes):
┌─────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ Bits 1-3 │ Bits 4-6 │ Bits 7-8 │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ X-Coordinate │ Y-Coordinate │ Click Status │
│ (100-999) │ (100-800) │ L_Click | R_Click │
└─────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
Download and install Arduino IDE from arduino.cc
Install required library via Library Manager:
// Required Libraries
#include <SoftwareSerial.h> // Pre-installed with Arduino IDE
// No additional libraries needed for basic functionalityInstall Python and required packages:
# Install Python 3.7+ from python.org
# Install required Python packages
pip install pyserial
pip install pyautogui
# Alternative installation
pip install serial pyautogui-
ADXL335 Accelerometer:
- VCC → Arduino 3.3V
- GND → Arduino GND
- X-out → Arduino A0
- Y-out → Arduino A1
-
HC-05 Bluetooth Module:
- VCC → Arduino 5V
- GND → Arduino GND
- TX → Arduino D2 (Software Serial RX)
- RX → Arduino D3 (Software Serial TX)
-
Control Interface:
- Trigger Button → D5 (with internal pull-up)
- Left Click Button → D6 (with external pull-up to 5V)
- Right Click Button → D7 (with external pull-up to 5V)
- LED → D8 (with 220Ω current limiting resistor)
git clone https://github.com/Circuit-Digest/Arduino-Air-Mouse.git
cd Arduino-Air-Mouse- Upload
air_mouse.inoto Arduino Nano - Pair HC-05 Bluetooth module with computer
- Note the COM port assigned to HC-05
- Update COM port in Python script
- Run Python driver script
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
// Pin definitions
const int rxpin = 2, txpin = 3;
SoftwareSerial bluetooth(rxpin, txpin);
const int x = A0; // X-axis accelerometer
const int y = A1; // Y-axis accelerometer
const int trigger = 5; // Trigger button
const int lclick = 6; // Left click button
const int rclick = 7; // Right click button
const int led = 8; // Status LED
int xh, yh; // Raw accelerometer readings
int xcord, ycord; // Mapped coordinates
int lstate = 0, rstate = 0; // Button states
void setup() {
pinMode(x, INPUT);
pinMode(y, INPUT);
pinMode(trigger, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(lclick, INPUT);
pinMode(rclick, INPUT);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(lclick, HIGH); // Enable internal pull-up
digitalWrite(rclick, HIGH); // Enable internal pull-up
Serial.begin(9600);
bluetooth.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led, LOW);
while(digitalRead(trigger) == LOW) {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // Indicate active mode
// Read accelerometer values
xh = analogRead(x);
yh = analogRead(y);
// Map to screen coordinates
xcord = map(xh, 286, 429, 100, 999);
ycord = map(yh, 282, 427, 100, 800);
// Read button states
lstate = digitalRead(lclick);
rstate = digitalRead(rclick);
// Send data packet via Bluetooth
bluetooth.print(xcord);
bluetooth.print(ycord);
bluetooth.print(lstate == LOW ? 1 : 0);
bluetooth.print(rstate == LOW ? 1 : 0);
delay(4000); // Debounce delay
}
}import serial
import pyautogui
import time
# Configure serial connection (update COM port as needed)
try:
ser = serial.Serial('COM3', 9600, timeout=1)
print("Connected to Arduino Air Mouse")
except serial.SerialException:
print("Error: Could not connect to COM3")
print("Please check Bluetooth connection and COM port")
exit()
# Disable pyautogui failsafe for smooth operation
pyautogui.FAILSAFE = False
while True:
try:
# Read 8-byte data packet
k = ser.read(8)
if len(k) == 8:
# Parse coordinate data (first 6 bytes)
cursor = k[:6]
click = k[6:]
x = cursor[:3]
y = cursor[3:]
l = click[0]
r = click[1]
# Convert to integers
xcor = int(x.decode('utf-8'))
ycor = int(y.decode('utf-8'))
# Move cursor to coordinates
pyautogui.moveTo(xcor, ycor)
# Handle left click (ASCII 49 = '1')
if l == 49:
pyautogui.click(clicks=2)
# Handle right click
elif r == 49:
pyautogui.click(button='right', clicks=2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\nAir Mouse disconnected")
ser.close()
break
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error: {e}")
continue-
Setup:
- Power on Arduino Air Mouse
- Run Python driver script on computer
- Ensure Bluetooth connection is established
-
Basic Operation:
- Hold trigger button to activate air mouse mode
- Tilt device left/right to move cursor horizontally
- Tilt device forward/backward to move cursor vertically
- Release trigger to return to normal mouse operation
-
Click Operations:
- Press and hold left click button + trigger for left click
- Press and hold right click button + trigger for right click
- Double-click is performed automatically
Arduino-Air-Mouse/
├── Arduino_Code/
│ ├── air_mouse.ino # Main Arduino program
│ ├── accelerometer_test.ino # ADXL335 testing
│ ├── bluetooth_test.ino # HC-05 communication test
│ └── calibration.ino # Accelerometer calibration
├── Python_Scripts/
│ ├── air_mouse_driver.py # Main driver script
│ ├── calibration_tool.py # Screen mapping calibration
│ ├── bluetooth_scanner.py # COM port detection
│ └── gesture_trainer.py # Custom gesture training
├── Circuit_Diagrams/
│ ├── Schematic.png # Complete circuit diagram
│ ├── Breadboard_Layout.png # Breadboard assembly
│ └── PCB_Design.png # PCB layout (optional)
├── Documentation/
│ ├── Setup_Guide.md # Detailed setup instructions
│ ├── Troubleshooting.md # Common issues & solutions
│ ├── Calibration_Guide.md # Accelerometer calibration
│ └── Advanced_Features.md # Extended functionality
├── 3D_Models/
│ ├── enclosure.stl # 3D printable case
│ └── mount.stl # Wall/desk mount
└── README.md
Python Script Not Connecting
- Check Bluetooth pairing with HC-05 module
- Verify correct COM port in Python script
- Ensure HC-05 is powered and Arduino is running
- Test Bluetooth connection with terminal software
Cursor Movement Erratic
- Calibrate accelerometer readings using test code
- Adjust mapping values in map() function
- Check for electrical interference near accelerometer
- Ensure stable power supply to all components
Buttons Not Responding
- Verify button wiring and pull-up resistors
- Check button debouncing in code
- Test individual buttons with multimeter
- Ensure proper INPUT_PULLUP configuration
Accelerometer Readings Inconsistent
- Check power supply to ADXL335 (should be 3.3V)
- Verify analog pin connections (A0, A1)
- Test accelerometer with simple read sketch
- Consider temperature effects on sensor
// Accelerometer calibration code
void calibrate_accelerometer() {
Serial.println("Accelerometer Calibration");
Serial.println("Place device flat and press trigger");
while(digitalRead(trigger) == HIGH) {
// Wait for trigger press
}
// Record center position values
int x_center = analogRead(x);
int y_center = analogRead(y);
Serial.print("Center X: ");
Serial.println(x_center);
Serial.print("Center Y: ");
Serial.println(y_center);
// Update mapping values in main code
}import serial.tools.list_ports
def find_bluetooth_port():
"""Automatically detect HC-05 Bluetooth COM port"""
ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()
for port in ports:
if "HC-05" in port.description or "Bluetooth" in port.description:
return port.device
print("Available COM ports:")
for port in ports:
print(f"{port.device}: {port.description}")
return None
# Use in main script
bluetooth_port = find_bluetooth_port()
if bluetooth_port:
ser = serial.Serial(bluetooth_port, 9600)
else:
print("Please specify COM port manually")- Gaming - Gesture-based game control and VR interaction
- Presentations - Wireless presentation control and slide navigation
- Accessibility - Alternative input method for users with mobility issues
- Media Control - Volume, playback, and navigation control
- Smart Home - Gesture-based IoT device control
- Education - Interactive learning and demonstration tool
- Art & Design - Digital painting and 3D modeling input
- Medical - Sterile environment computer interaction
- Machine Learning - Gesture recognition and custom gesture training
- Multi-Gesture Support - Complex gesture patterns and shortcuts
- Gyroscope Integration - Enhanced motion sensing with MPU6050
- Wireless Charging - Inductive charging for portable operation
- Mobile App - Smartphone configuration and calibration
- Voice Commands - Combined voice and gesture control
- 3D Mouse Support - Z-axis control for 3D applications
- Haptic Feedback - Vibration feedback for button presses
| Component | Specification |
|---|---|
| ADXL335 Accelerometer | |
| Measurement Range | ±3g (X, Y, Z axes) |
| Sensitivity | 300mV/g |
| Operating Voltage | 1.8V to 3.6V |
| Output Type | Analog voltage |
| Bandwidth | 0.5Hz to 1600Hz |
| HC-05 Bluetooth | |
| Bluetooth Version | v2.0 + EDR |
| Frequency Range | 2.4GHz ISM band |
| Operating Voltage | 3.3V to 5V |
| Transmission Distance | 10 meters (Class 2) |
| Baud Rate | 9600 bps (configurable) |
| System Performance | |
| Update Rate | ~0.25Hz (4 second delay) |
| Response Time | <100ms |
| Coordinate Resolution | 900 x 700 pixels |
| Power Consumption | ~80mA (active mode) |
The ADXL335 measures acceleration along X and Y axes:
// Raw accelerometer readings (0-1023)
int x_raw = analogRead(A0);
int y_raw = analogRead(A1);
// Convert to screen coordinates
int screen_x = map(x_raw, 286, 429, 100, 999);
int screen_y = map(y_raw, 282, 427, 100, 800);8-byte packet structure sent via Bluetooth:
Byte 1-3: X-coordinate (100-999)
Byte 4-6: Y-coordinate (100-800)
Byte 7: Left click status (0/1)
Byte 8: Right click status (0/1)
# Screen coordinate mapping
def map_gesture_to_cursor(x_accel, y_accel):
# Normalize accelerometer values
x_normalized = (x_accel - 357) / 143 # Center ±range
y_normalized = (y_accel - 354) / 145
# Apply sensitivity scaling
sensitivity = 2.0
x_scaled = x_normalized * sensitivity
y_scaled = y_normalized * sensitivity
# Convert to screen pixels
screen_width = 1920
screen_height = 1080
cursor_x = int(screen_width/2 + x_scaled * screen_width/4)
cursor_y = int(screen_height/2 + y_scaled * screen_height/4)
return cursor_x, cursor_y// Software debouncing for reliable button detection
bool read_button_debounced(int pin) {
static unsigned long last_press = 0;
static bool last_state = HIGH;
bool current_state = digitalRead(pin);
if (current_state != last_state) {
last_press = millis();
}
if ((millis() - last_press) > 50) { // 50ms debounce
if (current_state != button_state) {
button_state = current_state;
if (button_state == LOW) {
return true; // Button pressed
}
}
}
last_state = current_state;
return false;
}- 📖 Complete Tutorial: DIY Gesture Controlled Arduino Air Mouse using Accelerometer
- 🎮 Accelerometer Projects: Arduino Accelerometer Project Collection
- 📶 Bluetooth Tutorials: Arduino Bluetooth Projects
- 🐍 Python Arduino: Arduino Python Integration
- 🎯 Gaming Projects: Arduino Gaming Controller Projects
| Tilt Angle | Accelerometer Output | Cursor Movement |
|---|---|---|
| 0° (flat) | ~512 (center) | No movement |
| ±15° | 400-600 range | Slow movement |
| ±30° | 300-700 range | Medium movement |
| ±45° | 200-800 range | Fast movement |
- Accelerometer Reading: ~1ms
- Arduino Processing: ~5ms
- Bluetooth Transmission: ~50ms
- Python Processing: ~10ms
- OS Cursor Update: ~10ms
- Total System Latency: ~76ms
| Component | Current Draw | Battery Life (2000mAh) |
|---|---|---|
| Arduino Nano | 20mA | 100 hours |
| ADXL335 | 0.4mA | 5000 hours |
| HC-05 | 40mA | 50 hours |
| LED (active) | 20mA | 100 hours |
| Total Active | 80mA | 25 hours |
- Use proper voltage levels (3.3V for ADXL335, 5V for HC-05)
- Implement overcurrent protection
- Ensure proper grounding for all components
- Use anti-static precautions when handling components
# Implement safety features in Python driver
import pyautogui
# Enable failsafe (move mouse to corner to stop)
pyautogui.FAILSAFE = True
# Limit cursor movement speed
pyautogui.MINIMUM_DURATION = 0.1
# Add boundaries to prevent cursor going off-screen
def safe_move_to(x, y):
screen_width, screen_height = pyautogui.size()
x = max(0, min(x, screen_width - 1))
y = max(0, min(y, screen_height - 1))
pyautogui.moveTo(x, y)// Advanced gesture detection
enum GestureType {
NONE,
SWIPE_LEFT,
SWIPE_RIGHT,
CIRCLE_CW,
CIRCLE_CCW
};
GestureType detect_gesture(int x_history[], int y_history[], int samples) {
// Implement gesture recognition algorithm
// Analyze motion patterns over time
// Return detected gesture type
}class AdaptiveSensitivity:
def __init__(self):
self.base_sensitivity = 1.0
self.user_preference = 1.0
self.environment_factor = 1.0
def update_sensitivity(self, user_feedback):
"""Adjust sensitivity based on user usage patterns"""
if user_feedback == "too_sensitive":
self.user_preference *= 0.9
elif user_feedback == "not_sensitive":
self.user_preference *= 1.1
def get_current_sensitivity(self):
return self.base_sensitivity * self.user_preference * self.environment_factor# Support multiple air mouse devices
class MultiDeviceManager:
def __init__(self):
self.devices = {}
def add_device(self, device_id, com_port):
"""Add new air mouse device"""
self.devices[device_id] = {
'connection': serial.Serial(com_port, 9600),
'active': True,
'sensitivity': 1.0
}
def process_all_devices(self):
"""Process input from all connected devices"""
for device_id, device in self.devices.items():
if device['active']:
# Process input from this device
passIf you find this project helpful:
- ⭐ Star this repository
- 🍴 Fork and contribute improvements
- 🐛 Report bugs and issues
- 📝 Share your air mouse implementations
- Fork the repository
- Create feature branch (
git checkout -b feature/improvement) - Commit changes (
git commit -am 'Add new feature') - Push to branch (
git push origin feature/improvement) - Create Pull Request
Built with ❤️ by Circuit Digest
Revolutionizing human-computer interaction through gesture control
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