Commands, Control Flow, and Syntax

Pointer declaration

Pointers must be explicitly declared by writing the pointer's name (outside a CFB head), followed by a whitespace.
Pointer names must contain at least one letter, and may contain alphanumeric characters or underscores only.
Pointers are initialized to position [0][0][0] in the Memory Cube.
Pointer scope is limited to the CFB body it was declared in, and all CFBs within said body.
- If the pointer is declared outside of a CFB body, it has global scope.

Pointer Movement Commands
- >: Move from [S][T][C] to [S][T][C+1]
- <: Move from [S][T][C] to [S][T][C-1]
- ^: Move from [S][T][C] to [S][T+1][C]
- v: Move from [S][T][C] to [S][T-1][C]
- X: Move from [S][T][C] to [S+1][T][C]
- O: Move from [S][T][C] to [S-1][T][C]
Data Modification Commands
- +: Increment the value of the target cell by 1, overflow if needed.
- -: Decrement the value of the target cell by 1, underflow if needed.
Console IO Commands
- Output commands
  - .: Output the value of the target cell as a character with an ASCII code of cell value mod 256, not followed by a newline
  - ': Output the value of the target cell in binary, followed by a newline
  - :: Output the value of the target cell as a base₁₀ number followed by a newline
- Input commands
  - ,: Get a byte of data from the console as an ASCII character without requiring a newline, and set the target cell's value to the ASCII value mod 2^S
  - ": Get data from the console as a binary number, requiring a newline, and set the target cell's value to the binary value mod 2^S
  - ;: Get data from the console as a base₁₀ number, requiring a newline, and set the target cell's value to the base₁₀ value mod 2^S

To instruct a pointer to execute a command or series of commands, write the name of the pointer followed by a pair of parentheses containing zero or more commands.
- You cannot have any whitespace between the pointer and the opening parenthesis! The interpreter will think you're telling it to declare a pointer, then execute a list of commands without specifying what pointer to use.
The parentheses are called command parentheses, and the command parentheses combined with the commands inside are collectively called command blocks, or CBs.
CBs may not appear within CFB heads, and may only contain pointer commands.
Example: my_ptr(+>+>+<<) will increment the cells [S][T][C], [S][T][C+1], and [S][T][C+2] by one, and then return my_ptr to its original position at [S][T][C].

There are two system commands that are used to communicate with the interpreter directly, rather than to manipulate pointers.
System commands must appear outside CBs and CFB heads.
The two system commands are:
!: Stop program execution
?: Perform garbage collection

Control flow blocks have two components, called the head and body.
- The head is a pair of parentheses containing the name of a pointer, and is responsible for controlling the execution of the body's contents.
- The body is a pair of brackets, and the code contained within said brackets. The type of body brackets determines the type of CFB.
If statements
- Format: (head){body}
- Example: (myptr){myptr(-)} will decrement the value of myptr's target cell if myptr's target cell is not equal to zero.
While loops
- Format: (head)[body]
- Example: (myptr)[myptr(-)] will decrement the value of myptr's target cell while myptr's target cell is not equal to zero.
Repeat Loops
- Format: (head)(body) or (number)(body)
- Example: (ptr_a)(ptr_b(+)) will increment the value of ptr_b's target cell n times, where n is the initial value of ptr_a's target cell.
- Notes:
  - The number of times the body is executed is set before executing the body.
    Therefore, (myptr)(myptr(+)) would double the value of myptr's target cell, rather than cause an infinite loop.
  - The head can be a pointer, or a hard coded number.
    Therefore, (10)(myptr(+)) would add 10 to myptr's target cell.